Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 14–32)
Right to Equality (Art. 14–18): Equality before law; no discrimination; equality of opportunity.
Right to Freedom (Art. 19–22): Freedom of speech, expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession.
Right against Exploitation (Art. 23–24): Prohibition of human trafficking, forced labour, and child labour.
Right to Freedom of Religion (Art. 25–28): Freedom to practice, profess, and propagate any religion.
Cultural and Educational Rights (Art. 29–30): Protection of minorities’ culture and right to establish educational institutions.
Right to Constitutional Remedies (Art. 32): Right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of rights – Dr. Ambedkar called it the “heart and soul” of the Constitution.
Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A, Article 51A)
Introduced by the 42nd Amendment (1976). Citizens must:
Respect the Constitution, National Flag, and National Anthem.
Cherish noble ideals of the freedom struggle.
Uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India.
Defend the country when called upon.
Promote harmony and brotherhood.
Preserve rich heritage of our composite culture.
Protect the natural environment.
Develop scientific temper and humanism.
Safeguard public property.
Strive for excellence in all spheres.
Provide opportunities for education to children (added later).
Rights and Duties are Two Sides of the Same Coin:
You have the right to freedom of speech, but it is your duty not to spread hate or fake news. You have the right to life, but it is your duty to protect the environment.
